在传统的计划经济体制下，国有企业的资金由国家划拨，无偿占用，企业发生的损失由国家财政负担，与经营管理者和职工利益无关。这实际上是把风险从企业转嫁到国家身上，由国家承担了理应由企业承担的一切风险。这种以减少风险或无风险生产经营的代价，来提高经济稳定性的做法 Under the traditional planned economy, the funds of state-owned enterprises are appropriated by the state and are occupied at no cost. The losses incurred by the enterprises are borne by the state financial institutions and have nothing to do with the interests of managers and staff. This is actually the risk transferred from the enterprise to the state body, the state should bear all the risks should be borne by the enterprise. This practice of improving economic stability by reducing the costs of risky or risk-free production and management