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目的分析北京市朝阳区2008-2014年5岁以下儿童死亡率和死因构成变化趋势。方法对2008-2014年朝阳区5岁以下儿童死亡监测资料进行回顾性分析。结果 2008-2014年北京市朝阳区5岁以下儿童死亡率平均为3.53‰,呈逐年下降趋势,5岁以下儿童死亡中以婴儿及新生儿为主,分别占2.89‰和1.97‰,早期新生儿死亡占新生儿死亡的65.68%。儿童死亡主要原因无明显变化。早产低体重、出生窒息是5岁以下儿童死亡的主要原因,先天异常发病率呈上升趋势,先天性心脏病发病率有所下降。结论应继续提高围产期保健水平,实施出生缺陷防控措施,建立危重新生儿转运网络,加强产儿科合作,重视窒息复苏技术水平的提高,大力开展健康教育,降低5岁以下儿童死亡率。
Objective To analyze the change of mortality and cause of death among children under 5 years old in Chaoyang District, Beijing during 2008-2014. Methods Retrospective analysis of death monitoring data of children under 5 years old in Chaoyang District from 2008 to 2014 was made. Results The average death rate of children under 5 years of age in Chaoyang District in Beijing from 2008 to 2014 was 3.53 ‰, showing a declining trend year by year. Infants and neonates accounted for 2.89 ‰ and 1.97 ‰ of the deaths of children under 5 years old respectively. Neonates Death accounted for 65.68% of neonatal deaths. The main cause of child deaths did not change significantly. Premature birth, low birth weight and birth asphyxia are the main causes of death among children under 5 years old. The incidence of congenital anomalies is on the rise and the incidence of congenital heart disease is declining. Conclusions The level of perinatal care should be continuously improved, the birth defects prevention and control measures should be implemented, the critical neonatal transport network should be established, the cooperation in pediatrics should be strengthened, the technical level of apnea resuscitation should be improved, and health education should be vigorously carried out to reduce the mortality rate of children under 5 years of age.