目的　探讨白细胞介素 - 6受体 (IL - 6R)、雌激素 (E2 )在绝经后骨质疏松症发病机制中的作用。方法　 131例健康妇女 ,年龄 31～ 72岁 ,其中 6 4例未绝经者按年龄分组 ;6 7例绝经者 ,按绝经年限分组。分别空腹抽取静脉血 10mL ,取血清检测E2 、卵泡刺激素 (FSH)、可溶性白细胞介素 - 6受体 (sIL - 6R)、可溶性糖蛋白(sgp130 )、骨钙素 (BGP)、碱性磷酸酶 (AKP)、钙 (Ca)、磷 (P)等指标 ,同时测定腰椎及股骨颈骨密度 (BMD)。 结果　研究对象的E2 水平及BMD随年龄及绝经年限增加逐年下降 ,BMD和E2 呈正相关。sIL - 6R和sgp130在绝经前各组变化差异不明显 ,但均有随年龄和绝经年限增加而上升的趋势 ,和E2 、BMD呈明显负相关。BGP和AKP绝经后各组明显高于绝经前各组 ,血钙、血磷水平各组变化不大。结论　妇女随着年龄增加 ,BMD逐年下降 ,特别是进入绝经期后 ,BMD下降速度加快。E2 水平下降可促进IL - 6R的分泌 ,并进一步促进由白细胞介素 - 6 (IL- 6 )介导的骨吸收的增加。绝经后骨质疏松的主要原因是由于骨转换增加 ,骨形成和骨吸收之间不平衡。 Objective To investigate the role of interleukin - 6 receptor (IL - 6R) and estrogen (E2) in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Methods A total of 131 healthy women, aged 31-72 years old, of whom 64 were non-menopausal, were grouped by age. Sixty-seven menopausal women were divided into groups according to their menopause duration. Blood samples were collected for determination of E2, FSH, sIL - 6R, soluble glycoprotein (sgp130), osteocalcin (BGP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) in the lumbar and femoral neck. Results The level of E2 and BMD decreased with the increase of age and menopause. BMD and E2 were positively correlated. The changes of sIL - 6R and sgp130 in premenopausal groups were not significantly different, but all tended to increase with the increase of age and menopause, and had a negative correlation with E2 and BMD. The levels of BGP and AKP in postmenopausal groups were significantly higher than those in premenopausal groups, with little change in serum calcium and phosphorus levels. Conclusions With the increase of age, the BMD of women decreases year by year, especially after menopause. The decrease of E2 level can promote the secretion of IL - 6R and further promote the increase of bone resorption mediated by interleukin - 6 (IL - 6). The main cause of postmenopausal osteoporosis is the imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption due to increased bone turnover.