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研究了耕作和残茬覆盖对果园土壤保蓄水能力及土壤酶活性的影响,设置以耕作(深松、翻耕、免耕)为主处理,覆盖(秸秆覆盖、无覆盖)为副处理的裂区试验,翻耕无覆盖为对照,对比分析了土壤水分贮量、土壤酶活性、苹果产量及品质等性状的影响。结果显示:玉米秸秆覆盖与间隔深松相结合,可以增加苹果园土壤的蓄水和保水能力,降水7 d后测定1 m土层贮水量比免耕不覆盖多62.47 mm,苹果收获后1 m土层内土壤贮水量比免耕无覆盖多9.2%;土壤酶活性增加,特别是表层土壤,效果更加明显(P<0.01);苹果百果重有所增加,比免耕不覆盖百果重增加了16%。在渭北旱源苹果生产基地,采用秸秆覆盖加间隔深松技术能起到较好的保蓄水作用,土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶及蔗糖酶活性明显提高。
The effects of tillage and stubble mulch on soil conservation water storage capacity and soil enzyme activity were investigated. The main treatments were tillage (subsoiling, tillage and no tillage), covering (straw mulching and no mulching) as secondary treatment Split zone experiment and tillage without cover as control, comparatively analyzed the effects of soil water storage, soil enzyme activity, apple yield and quality. The results showed that the combination of maize straw mulching and deep subsoil spacing could increase the water storage and water retention capacity of apple orchard soils. After 7 days of precipitation, the water storage capacity of 1 m soil layer was 62.47 mm more than that of no-tillage and no- Soil water storage in the soil was 9.2% more than that in no-tillage and no-tillage, soil enzyme activity increased, especially in the surface soil, the effect was more obvious (P <0.01) An increase of 16%. Weibei dryland apple production base, using straw mulching and spacing subsoiling technology can play a good role in preserving the soil urease, catalase and invertase activity was significantly increased.