论文部分内容阅读
2006～2009年,在湖北省18个县(市、区)布置多点田间肥效试验,研究在当前生产条件下推荐施用钾肥对早、中、晚稻产量及其构成因素的影响,分析当前水稻生产中的钾肥吸收和利用状况。结果表明,在氮、磷肥的基础上,早、中、晚稻施用钾肥的增产量平均分别为716、679和691 kg/hm2,增产率平均分别为12.6%、9.6%和12.0%,钾肥对产量的贡献率平均分别为10.8%、8.2%和10.3%。说明当前生产条件下,高产水稻生产必须施用钾肥。施钾之所以增产,早稻主要由于单位面积有效穗数增加,中稻主要由于单位面积有效穗数和每穗粒数增加,而晚稻主要由于每穗粒数增加和结实率提高所致。施用钾肥促进了水稻总吸钾量及百千克子粒吸钾量的提高和钾素收获指数的下降。在当前生产条件和推荐施钾量水平下,早、中、晚稻百千克子粒吸钾(K2O)量平均分别为2.96、3.45和2.72 kg,钾肥(K2O)农学利用率分别为9.6、8.2和7.2 kg/kg,偏生产力分别为92.3、101.5和75.4 kg/kg,吸收利用率分别为47.1%、53.8%和46.3%,生理利用率分别为21.1、24.1和23.7 kg/kg,土壤钾素依存率分别为78.0%、83.0%和70.4%。3种类型水稻对钾素的吸收和利用虽有不同,但其吸收的钾都主要来自于土壤,因此改善土壤供钾能力是提高水稻产量和节约钾肥资源的有效措施。
In 2006-2009, a multi-field fertilizer efficiency test was conducted in 18 counties (cities and districts) in Hubei Province to study the effects of potassium fertilizer application on the yield and its components of early, middle and late rice under the current production conditions. The current rice production In the absorption and utilization of potassium status. The results showed that on the basis of N and P fertilizers, the average yield of K fertilization was 716, 679 and 691 kg / hm2 respectively, the average yield was 12.6%, 9.6% and 12.0% respectively. The average contribution rates were 10.8%, 8.2% and 10.3% respectively. It shows that under the current production conditions, high-yielding rice must be potash fertilizer. The reason why K fertilization increased the yield of early rice was mainly due to the increase of effective panicles per unit area. The middle panicle was mainly due to the increase of effective panicle per panicle and grains per panicle, while the late rice was mainly due to the increase of grains per panicle and the increase of seed setting rate. Potassium application promoted the increase of total K uptake by rice and K uptake per kg grain and the decrease of K harvest index. Under the current production conditions and the recommended K level, the K2O contents of grains per 100 kg of early, middle and late rice were 2.96, 3.45 and 2.72 kg respectively, and the agricultural utilization rates of K2O were 9.6, 8.2 and 7.2 kg / kg, and the bioconversion rates were 92.3, 101.5 and 75.4 kg / kg, respectively, and the uptake and utilization rates were 47.1%, 53.8% and 46.3% respectively. The physiological utilization rates were 21.1, 24.1 and 23.7 kg / kg, Respectively 78.0%, 83.0% and 70.4%. Although the absorption and utilization of potassium in the three types of rice are different, their absorption of potassium is mainly from the soil, so improving soil potassium supply is an effective measure to increase rice yield and conserve potash resources.