Caveolin-1 is involved in the regulation of synaptic plasticity,but the relationship between its expression and cognitive function during aging remains controversial.To explore the relationship between synaptic plasticity in the aging process and changes in learning and memory,we examined caveolin-1 expression in the hippocampus,cortex and cerebellum of rats at different ages.We also examined the relationship between the expression of caveolin-1 and synaptophysin,a marker of synaptic plasticity.Hippocampal caveolin-1 and synaptophysin expression in aged(22–24 month old)rats was significantly lower than that in young(1 month old)and adult(4 months old)rats.Expression levels of both proteins were significantly greater in the cortex of aged rats than in that of young or adult rats,and levels were similar between the three age groups in the cerebellum.Linear regression analysis revealed that hippocampal expression of synaptophysin was associated with memory and learning abilities.Moreover,synaptophysin expression correlated positively with caveolin-1 expression in the hippocampus,cortex and cerebellum.These results confirm that caveolin-1 has a regulatory effect on synaptic plasticity,and suggest that the downregulation of hippocampal caveolin-1 expression causes a decrease in synaptic plasticity during physiological aging. Caveolin-1 is involved in the regulation of synaptic plasticity, but the relationship between its expression and cognitive function during aging remains controversial. To explore the relationship between synaptic plasticity in the aging process and changes in learning and memory, we examined caveolin-1 expression in the hippocampus, cortex and cerebellum of rats at different ages. We also examined the relationship between the expression of caveolin-1 and synaptophysin, a marker of synaptic plasticity. Hippocampal caveolin-1 and synaptophysin expression in aged (22-24 month old) rats was significantly lower than that in young (1 month old) and adult (4 months old) rats. Expression levels of both proteins were significantly greater in the cortex of aged rats than in that of young or adult rats, and levels were similar between the three age groups in the cerebellum. Linear regression analysis revealed that hippocampal expression of synaptophysin was associated with memory and learning abilities. Moreove r, synaptophysin expression positively with caveolin-1 expression in the hippocampus, cortex and cerebellum.These results confirm that caveolin-1 has a regulatory effect on synaptic plasticity, and suggest that the downregulation of hippocampal caveolin-1 expression causes a decrease in synaptic plasticity during physiological aging.