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本文系统描述了从马克思 ,到列宁 ,到斯大林 ,农村社会主义变革的理论和政策的演变。俄国农村变革破坏了原有的商品粮供应机制 ,但没有及时建立起新的机制。由此造成的粮食收购危机是推动苏维埃俄国走向全面国有化的直接推动力 ;推行以高速度优先发展重工业为中心环节的赶超战略是更深层次的推动力。加上当时人们对什么是社会主义的理解等因素 ,使以全面国有化为基本框架的苏联模式成为当时最可能的一种选择。这种全面国有化并非是生产社会化的要求 ,而是推行赶超战略和解决粮食收购危机而实行的制度安排。
This article systematically describes the evolution of the theory and policy of socialist transformation in rural areas from Marx to Lenin to Stalin. Russian rural reform undermined the original supply mechanism of grain for food but failed to establish a new mechanism in time. The resulting grain purchase crisis was the direct driving force for the full nationalization of Soviet Russia. The promotion of a catch-up strategy centered on high-speed development of heavy industry was a further impetus. Coupled with the people’s understanding of what socialism and other factors at that time, the Soviet model with the full nationalization as the basic framework became the most likely choice of the time. This full nationalization is not a requirement for socialization of production, but an institutional arrangement for implementing the strategy of catching up and surpassing and solving the crisis of food purchase.