诊断结核病的金标准是从各种体液中分离得到结核分枝杆菌,然而有时要分离出结核分枝杆菌是很困难的。结核病在临床上可以没有特异性表现,胸部影像也可能缺乏相对特征性改变,故两者常不能作为确诊依据。因此,临床上需要敏感性及特异性均高的方法来提高结核病诊断的准确性。随着人们对结核分枝杆菌分子生物学的深入理解,新的诊断技术不断出现。本文分析全血干扰素γ测定、胸水中细胞因子检测、聚合酶链反应、血清学方法等技术对结核分枝杆菌感染的诊断价值。 The gold standard for diagnosis of tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from various body fluids, however sometimes it is difficult to isolate M. tuberculosis. Tuberculosis in the clinical manifestations may not be specific, chest images may also lack the relative characteristic changes, so the two can not often be used as the basis for diagnosis. Therefore, clinical methods need high sensitivity and specificity to improve the diagnostic accuracy of TB. As people understand the molecular biology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, new diagnostic techniques continue to emerge. This article analyzes the determination of whole blood interferon gamma, cytokines in pleural effusion, polymerase chain reaction, serological methods and other technologies for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.