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在《周易外传》困卦中,船山全面阐述了自己对德福关系的看法,不仅为人的行为取向提出了明确的方向,而且解释了这种方向的本体论根据。其中对德福来源、性质与差异的探讨是全面而有体系的,最能体现儒家精神。船山首先提出“德福皆为命”的核心命题,进而阐述了“德可充,福不可充”的原因并提出了“以德致福”的思想,以期重新论证并弘扬儒家以德为本的精神理念。本文的逻辑进路也因此得以建立:先分析“命”之基本内涵而后引申出“命”之结构、分化过程和差异性三个分论题,以此为基础形成对德福的全面理解。
In the book of Guanyu of Zhouyi, Chuanshan comprehensively expounded his own views on the relationship between morality and happiness, which not only set a clear direction for the orientation of human behavior, but also explained the ontological basis of this direction. The discussion on the sources, nature and differences of Telford is comprehensive and systematic, which can best embody Confucianism. Chuanshan first put forward the core proposition of “the good fortune is all life”, and then elaborates the reason of “moral enrichment and blessing” and puts forward the idea of “making happiness by virtue”, with a view to re-arguing Promote Confucian morality-based spiritual philosophy. The logic of this article is also established: the first analysis of the basic connotation of “life ” and then extended “life ” of the structure, the process of differentiation and the differences of the three sub-topics, as a basis for the formation of Telford Fully understand.