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公交车作为最常用的交通工具之一,其空间密闭、人员密度大,一旦发生火灾,极易造成群死群伤事故,社会影响恶劣。首先采用鱼刺图分析法(FBF)分析公交车火灾事故发生的原因;再采用事故树分析法(FTA),得出公交车安全门对公交车内人员安全疏散的重要性;在此基础上,以大容量公交车为研究对象,针对不同开门情况设置4个疏散场景,并运用Building Exodus对车内人员疏散情况进行模拟,提出相应建议。结果表明,公交车右侧前门为1.1 m、后门为1.5m,右侧前、后门均为1.5 m,前门、左右两侧后门均为1.5 m 3种情况下均较原始设计(右侧前、后门均为1.1 m)不同程度缩短了人员疏散时间。
Bus as one of the most commonly used means of transport, its confined space, large staff density, in the event of a fire, extremely easy to cause Qunjiu gang injury, social impact. Firstly, FBF was used to analyze the causes of bus fire accidents; then, the accident tree analysis (FTA) was used to find out the importance of bus safety gates to the safe evacuation of buses; on this basis, Large-capacity bus as the research object, set up four evacuation scenes for different door-opening situations, and use Building Exodus to simulate the evacuation of the car and put forward corresponding suggestions. The results show that the front door on the right side of the bus is 1.1 m, the rear door is 1.5 m, the front and rear doors on the right are both 1.5 m, the front door and the rear doors on both the left and right are 1.5 m, The back door is 1.1 m) to varying degrees to shorten the evacuation time.