急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)的发生常由缺血或肾毒性药物等因素所致,其临床特征表现为肾功能的急速下降。改善全球肾脏病预后组织将AKI定义为血清肌酐(serum creatinine,SCr)在7 d内增加到基线的1.5倍及以上或在2 d内SCr增加≥26μmol/L,或6 h的尿量少于0.5 m L/(kg·h)~([1])。全球范围内每年约有1 330万例发生AKI的患者,其中有170万例患者的死亡与AKI有关~([2])。无论在发达国家,还是发展中国家,AKI的发病率和 The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) is often caused by factors such as ischemia or nephrotoxic drugs, and its clinical features are the rapid decline of renal function. Improving Global Kidney Disease Outcomes Organization AKI was defined as an increase in serum creatinine (SCr) of 1.5 or more times baseline within 7 days or ≥ 26 μmol / L of SCr within 2 days or less than 6 hours 0.5 m L / (kg · h) ~ ([1]). Approximately 13.3 million AKI patients worldwide each year, of whom 1.7 million deaths are related to AKI (2). AKI morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries