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农田长期覆膜种植产生的大量地膜对农田土壤质量、作物生长及环境造成严重的影响,为解决这一问题,于2014年3月至2014年10月在新疆库尔勒尉犁县达西村开展大田试验,对比不同厚度、不同时间及不同位置地膜拉伸性能的变化规律,并针对0.01 mm地膜进行缠绕式回收试验。结果表明:地膜铺放后的30~60 d期间,由于受到风和紫外线照射等因素,拉伸强度有明显的下降,下降幅度较大;当地膜回收的时候,0.01 mm地膜最大拉伸力在近株端和远株端分别为1.52 N和1.305 N,是0.008 mm地膜的1.4倍和1.22倍。显然0.01 mm地膜的拉伸性能较0.008 mm拉伸性能有了一定的提升,这对地膜回收有一定的积极作用,但是经过理论计算及田间试验0.01 mm地膜的拉伸性能还是不足以采用简单缠绕的方式进行回收。本研究揭示了地膜拉伸性能在不同时间、不同厚度及不同位置受到紫外线等影响的变化规律,为地膜回收机的研制提供了理论依据。
In order to solve this problem, a large amount of plastic film produced by long-term film mulching on farmland has a serious impact on farmland soil quality, crop growth and environment. Field trials were carried out in Darcy Village, Yuli County, Korla, Xinjiang from March 2014 to October 2014, The tensile properties of mulching film were compared under different thicknesses, different times and different positions. The winding recovery test was carried out on 0.01 mm mulch film. The results showed that the tensile strength decreased obviously with a decrease of 30% and 60%, respectively, due to wind and ultraviolet radiation. When the film was recovered, the maximum tensile force of 0.01 mm The near and far plantlets were 1.52 N and 1.305 N, respectively, which were 1.4 and 1.22 times the 0.008 mm mulch. It is obvious that the tensile properties of 0.01 mm mulch film have a certain improvement compared with that of 0.008 mm mulching film, which has some positive effects on mulching film recovery. However, the tensile properties of 0.01 mm mulch film after theoretical calculation and field trials are not enough to adopt simple winding Way to recover. The research revealed the changing law of the tensile properties of the film at different times, different thicknesses and different locations affected by ultraviolet light, which provided a theoretical basis for the development of the film recovery machine.