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目的:研究妊娠期营养干预对降低巨大儿发生率的影响。方法:选择2009年7月-2011年7月在我院及解放军252医院建立孕产妇保健卡的待产妇7846例作为观察组,进行妊娠期营养指导、干预和随访;另选2005年1月-2008年5月在我院住院的待产妇2848例作为对照组。比较两组巨大儿发生率,以及分娩巨大儿产妇的分娩方式、妊娠结局和妊娠合并症等。结果:观察组巨大儿发生率非常显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。观察组分娩巨大儿产妇的总剖宫产率,以及头盆不称、胎膜早破、胎儿宫内窘迫、新生儿窒息和产后出血的发生率均显著或非常显著低于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01);合并妊娠期高血压的发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:妊娠期营养干预可显著降低巨大儿发生率及剖宫产率,改善妊娠结局。
Objective: To study the effect of nutritional intervention in pregnancy on the incidence of macrosomia. Methods: From July 2009 to July 2011, 7846 cases of maternity women with maternal health card in our hospital and People’s Liberation Army 252 Hospital were selected as the observation group to conduct nutrition guidance, intervention and follow-up during pregnancy. In January 2005 - May 2008 hospitalized in our hospital 2848 cases of maternal as a control group. The incidence of macrosomia in both groups was compared, as well as the mode of delivery, the outcome of pregnancy and pregnancy complications in the delivery of huge children. Results: The incidence of macrosomia in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group (P <0.01). The incidence of total cesarean section, maternal headache, premature rupture of membranes, fetal distress, neonatal asphyxia and postpartum hemorrhage in observation group were significantly or very significantly lower than those in control group (P < 0.05, P <0.01). The incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension was significantly lower than that of the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion: Nutritional intervention during pregnancy can significantly reduce the incidence of macrosomia and cesarean section rate, improve pregnancy outcome.