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司法谦抑指的是在裁判案件的过程中,在司法自由裁量权的范围内,法院及法官对立法机关和行政机关的谦让与自我克制。司法谦抑是美国司法审查中许多法官所奉行的司法哲学之一,其形成的理论与现实基础主要有:第一,司法审查的“反多数难题”和民主渠道的优势;第二,分权原则的要求;第三,现代行政的专业性、技术性和程序正当性的不断增强,以及行政自由裁量权大量存在的必要性;第四,权力博弈中司法权相对弱小的现实格局。了解司法谦抑的形成,有利于促进我国法院自我理性定位和理性地推进行政诉讼制度之改革。
Judicial modestness refers to courtesy and judges’ modesty and self-restraint of the legislature and the executive within the judicial discretion in the course of adjudication. Judicial modesty is one of the judicial philosophy practiced by many judges in the judicial review in the United States. The theoretical and practical foundations are: first, the “anti-multiple problems” of judicial review and the advantages of democratic channels; secondly, Third, the increasing professionalism, technicality and procedural legitimacy of modern administration, as well as the necessity of the existence of a large number of administrative discretion; Fourth, the reality of the relatively weak judicial power in the game of power. To understand the formation of judicial modesty is conducive to promoting the rational positioning of our courts and rational reform of administrative litigation system.