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X射线脉冲星导航是实现航天器长时间自主相对导航的有效手段之一.文中从X射线脉冲星相对导航卡尔曼滤波的观测方程出发,研究了脉冲星方向误差及空间分布对导航精度的影响,其中通过将方向误差转化为观测量误差对脉冲星方向误差进行建模,并推导了脉冲星组空间分布与导航精度的关系.卡尔曼滤波仿真结果表明:脉冲星方向误差在1 000acs以内时,滤波偏差随方向误差的增大而线性增大,1acs方向误差引入的距离偏差最大为0.34%;星组空间分布对导航精度的影响较大,从8颗星中任选4颗星进行导航时,距离估计精度相差达10.74%.
The X-ray pulsar navigation is one of the most effective means to realize long-term autonomous relative navigation of spacecraft.In this paper, based on the observational equations of relative navigation Kalman filter of X-ray pulsars, the influence of the direction error and spatial distribution of the pulsars on the navigation accuracy is studied , In which the error of the pulsar was modeled by converting the directional error into the observed error and the relationship between the spatial distribution of the pulsar group and the navigation precision was derived.The Kalman filter simulation results show that when the error of the pulsar direction is within 1 000 acs , The filtering deviation increases linearly with the increase of the directional error, and the maximum distance deviation introduced by the 1acs directional error is 0.34%. The spatial distribution of the satellite group has a great influence on the navigation accuracy, and from 4 stars of 8 stars for navigation , The difference between the estimated accuracy of up to 10.74%.