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单纯疱疹病毒性脑炎（HSVE）是严重的中枢神经系统感染性疾病，由单纯疱疹病毒（HSV）原发感染引起，导致严重的后遗症及较高的死亡率。现就该病的病原体、致病机制及治疗等相关研究进展做一综述。“,”Herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSVE) is a serious infectious disease of the central nervous system. It is caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) and often lead to considerable patient morbidity and mortality. This review is a summary of the research progress on the pathogen, pathogenesis and treatment of the disease.