涨落是一种十分重要的物理现象。涨落也称起伏,即围绕一个标准值上下波动的意思。当一个系统处于不平衡的状态时,我们就有可能观察到某个物理量的数值与它的平均值有一定的偏差。对于这种物理量在适当条件下自发地在平衡值(平均值)附近呈现出一定程度偏差的现象,我们就称为涨落现象。值得注意的是,涨落不是物理量,而是一种物理现象,一种可以用多个物理量来描述的物理现象。在某个系统中,涨落现象并非一定是单一的,可以有多种物理量同时围绕着自己的平衡值上下起伏。应当指出,这种起伏仅仅是微观上的统计现象,而在宏观 Fluctuation is a very important physical phenomenon. Fluctuation is also called ups and downs, that is, fluctuating around a standard value. When a system is in an unbalanced state, we may observe that the value of a physical quantity deviates from its average value. For such physical quantities under certain conditions spontaneously in the vicinity of the equilibrium value (average) showing a certain degree of deviation phenomenon, we call the fluctuation phenomenon. It is worth noting that fluctuations are not physical quantities, but physical phenomena, a physical phenomenon that can be described by multiple physical quantities. In a system, the phenomenon of fluctuations is not necessarily a single, you can have a variety of physical quantities at the same time around their own balance value ups and downs. It should be pointed out that this ups and downs are only microscopic statistical phenomena, but macroscopically