一、规范意义的文学价值思想文学有什么用?现代批评理论对文学意义的探讨很少从这样的角度提问,但对于传统批评来说,这却是至关重要的。源于柏拉图的传统批评模式,在古希腊就提供了这样一种典范:文学如果是有意义的,那它就必然对现实的人生有所作用。历史上著名的反文学主义者柏拉图,否定一切无用于“理想国”的文学。在他看来,诗是摹仿的摹仿,影子的影子,与理念之“真”愈来愈远,“对于真理没有多大价值”;同时,诗又激荡人的情欲,使“正义”的喜爱受到破坏,无助于理性的树立和城邦的稳定。唯一值得肯定的文学,只有那些教育人的颂歌。柏氏之后学亚里斯多德建立的诗学体系,虽被现代批评家艾布拉姆斯誉为“对艺术作为艺术的批评”,但他对文学的捍卫依然以求知致善的伦理追求为出发点。从亚里斯多德到浪漫主义之前的欧洲文学思想,主要反映着承自贺拉斯“寓教于乐”说和古希腊“摹 First, the normative significance of literary literature What is the use of ideological and literary? Modern criticism of the literature on the meaning of the seldom from this perspective, but for the traditional criticism, it is crucial. From Plato’s traditional mode of criticism, in ancient Greece provides such a paradigm: Literature, if meaningful, then it will inevitably contribute to the reality of life. Plato, the historically famous anti-literatist, rejects all the literature that is not used in the “dreamland.” In his view, poetry is an imitation of imitation. The shadows of the shadow are farther and farther away from the “truth” of the idea. “There is not much value to the truth”; at the same time, the poem agitates the human passion and makes the love of “justice” Destruction does not help to establish the rationality and the stability of the city. The only positive literature, only those who educate people’s carols. After Pai’s studies, Aristotle’s poetic system was praised by modern critic Abrams as “the criticism of art as art”, but his defensiveness to literature was still based on the ethical pursuit of seeking for good. . From Aristotle to European literary thought prior to romanticism, it mainly reflects the theory of “educating and entertaining” from Horace and the ancient Greek "