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存在(being)的本体论问题一直以来是哲学界发展中如影随形的一个鬼魅,充满魔力、难以征服却无法回避。一代代的哲学伟人们建构一个又一个的理论框架以期捕获它,却终未能如愿。20世纪法国存在主义哲学家萨特在现象学基础上也提出了一种新的诠释存在的方式。《存在与虚无》一书的导言部分隐含了萨特关于存在与意识的层次划分和两者关系的观点,这有助于阐明萨特的存在观。
The ontological problem of being has always been a ghostly charm in the development of philosophical circles, full of magic, difficult to conquer but unavoidable. The great philosophers of generations have constructed one theoretical framework after another in order to capture it, but they have not been able to do so. On the basis of phenomenology, Sartre, a French existentialist philosopher of the 20th century, also proposed a new way to interpret the existence. The introductory section to Existence and Nothingness implies Sartre’s view of hierarchy and the relationship between the two, which helps clarify Sartre’s concept of being.