论文部分内容阅读
直接参加敌对行动是国际人道法最根本的概念,对于平民能否享有免受直接攻击之一般保护至关重要,然而由于历史原因,国际人道法中没有直接参加敌对行动的定义,也没有其判断标准。随着当代战争和武装冲突史无前例地涉及平民,确保国际人道法对平民的保护就显得极为迫切,而关键在于如何理解直接参加敌对行动。红十字国际委员会2009年发布的《解释性指南》初步构建了直接参加敌对行动的理论体系,不过存在较多瑕疵,而且本身不具有法律效力,但《解释性指南》作为开创性的文件,是继续讨论直接参加敌对行动的出发点和基础。加快厘清直接参加敌对行动含义的进程,形成有关国际习惯法或国际条约以赋予其法律约束力,将从整体上促进国际人道法的发展并增进其效力。
Direct participation in hostilities is the most fundamental concept of international humanitarian law and is crucial for the protection of civilians against the general protection of direct attacks. However, for historical reasons, there is no definition of direct participation in hostilities in IHL nor its judgment standard. With the unprecedented involvement of civilians in contemporary wars and armed conflicts, it is imperative to ensure the protection of civilians under international humanitarian law. The key is how to understand the direct participation in hostilities. The Explanatory Guide issued by the International Committee of the Red Cross in 2009 initially established a theoretical system for direct participation in hostilities but has many flaws and is not legally binding in itself. However, as a seminal paper, the Interpretive Guide is Continue to discuss the starting point and basis for direct participation in hostilities. To speed up the process of directly participating in the meaning of hostilities and to formulate relevant international customary laws or international treaties so as to give them legally binding force will promote the development of IHL as a whole and enhance its effectiveness.