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首先介绍了微能源的几种类型,比较了不同类型微能源的优缺点。振动式微能源具有体积小、重量轻、能量密度高、寿命长、无污染和对环境适应性强等优点,详细描述了静电转换型、电磁转换型和压电转换型三种振动驱动微能源技术的原理和特点。系统综述了三种振动驱动微能源技术的国内外研究现状,包括微能源的结构和采集、存储电路。分析了其存在的技术和应用瓶颈问题,例如微能源使用的材料和结构不完善、转换效率较低、微加工和微装配技术不成熟、难以应用于实际环境、振动环境对其寿命的影响等问题,并且展望了微能源未来的发展趋势。
First, several types of micro-energy are introduced, and the advantages and disadvantages of different types of micro-energy are compared. Vibration micro-energy has the advantages of small size, light weight, high energy density, long life, pollution-free and adaptability to the environment, and describes in detail the three types of micro-energy technologies of electrostatic conversion, electromagnetic conversion and piezoelectric conversion The principle and characteristics. The current status of three kinds of vibration-driven micro-energy technologies are reviewed systematically, including the structure of micro-energy and the acquisition and storage circuits. The existing technologies and application bottlenecks are analyzed, such as imperfect materials and structures for micro energy use, low conversion efficiency, immature micro-fabrication and micro-assembly technology, difficult application in real environment, impact of vibration environment on their service life, etc. Problems, and prospects for the future development of micro-energy trends.