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目的探讨早产低出生体重对幼儿注意发展的影响以及正常出生体重儿童注意发展的特点,以便及早制定实施有效的干预策略。方法本研究的对象为16.5~31月龄早产低出生体重儿32名和足月正常出生体重(normal birth weight,NBW)儿童53名。采用录像回放法评估儿童的注意时间,包括专注注意和偶然注意的时间,并给予注意等级评定,工具采用“电子琴、厨房玩具”两组玩具,每组自由玩耍480s,全程摄像。结果 1)正常幼儿注意时间:NBW幼儿在自由玩耍“玩具1、玩具2”各480s时,总的专注注意短于偶然注意时间(t=2.37,P<0.01)。男、女童之间的注意时间、注意等级评估差异无统计学意义。2)低出生体重儿组注意时间:与NBW幼儿相比早产低出生体重幼儿对玩具2的偶然注意时间较长,差异有统计学意义(t=-2.31,P<0.05)。按注意等级评估,早产组和对照组差异无统计学意义。结论正常出生体重幼儿专注注意时间短于偶然注意时间;早产低出生体重组幼儿对操作性强的玩具偶然注意时间短于正常组幼儿。
Objective To explore the impact of preterm low birth weight on infant attention development and the attentional development of children with normal birth weight in order to make early implementation of effective intervention strategies. Methods The subjects were 32 children with LBW at 16.5 to 31 months of age and 53 children with normal birth weight (NBW). Video playback method to assess children’s attention time, including attention and accidental attention to the time, and give attention ratings, tools using “keyboard, kitchen toys, ” two sets of toys, each group of 4801 free play, full camera. Results 1) Normal toddler attention time: NBW toddlers generally focused attention shorter than occasional attention taps (t = 2.37, P <0.01) when they were free to play “Toy 1, Toy 2” for each 480s. Men and girls pay attention to the time, pay attention to rank the difference was not statistically significant. 2) Group with low birth weight Note time: premature birth with low birth weight compared with NBW children The accidental attention time of toy 2 to children 2 is longer, the difference was statistically significant (t = -2.31, P <0.05). By attention level assessment, preterm group and control group, no significant difference. Conclusion The attentional time of children with normal birth weight is shorter than that of occasional attention. The children with premature birth and low birth weight are less likely to accidentally pay attention to the operationally-oriented toys than the normal children.