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饮用水微生物学质量的基本要求是不含病原菌。常规试验很难直接证明水中不含任何病原菌,大肠杆菌作为一种生理性肠道菌随动物粪便大量排出,且容易检测,因此是水被粪便污染的指标。如果在100ml饮用水中检出大肠杆菌,则可认为病原菌也随粪便进入水,这种水可能危害健康。计数培养菌落是水纯度的指标,也是衡量水处理效果的
Microbiological quality of drinking water is basically free of pathogens. Routine tests can hardly prove that water does not contain any pathogenic bacteria. Escherichia coli, as a physiological intestinal bacterium, is excreted in large quantities with faeces of animals and is easily detected and therefore an indicator of water contamination by faeces. If E. coli is detected in 100 ml of potable water, it can be assumed that pathogens also enter the water with the stool, which may be hazardous to health. Counting culture colonies is an indicator of water purity, as well as a measure of water treatment effectiveness