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近红外光(NIR)传感器在军事警戒、空间勘探、科研检测、医疗诊断等领域有着极为重要的应用价值。传统的NIR传感材料主要是基于半金属的无机材料,借助窄带隙来吸收低能量的NIR而改变材料自身的电导率,继而实现检测。无机传感材料由于加工繁琐、不具备柔性、成本高昂以及难降解等因素致其进一步发展受到限制。新兴的共轭聚合物材料通过光热转换或者能级可调的光电效应实现对NIR的高灵敏传感,同时能够实现快速响应。该类聚合物材料具有π电子离域的共轭结构,同样具有较窄的带隙,在NIR照射下能够通过自身电导率的改变或光热转换作用将热量传递至其他超热敏材料来实现对光的检测。借助柔性、环境友好、制备简单、便于掺杂、灵敏度高等优势,共轭聚合物材料为新一代NIR传感器的应用与普及开辟了新的前景。
Near-infrared light (NIR) sensors in the military warning, space exploration, scientific research and testing, medical diagnosis and other fields has a very important value. Traditional NIR sensing materials are mainly based on semi-metallic inorganic materials, with narrow bandgap to absorb low energy NIR to change the conductivity of the material itself, and then to achieve detection. Inorganic sensing materials due to complicated processing, do not have the flexibility, high cost and difficult to degrade and other factors led to its further development is limited. Emerging conjugate polymer materials enable highly sensitive sensing of NIRs through photothermal conversion or tunable optoelectronic effects, with fast response. Such polymer materials have a π-electron delocalized conjugate structure, which also has a narrower bandgap, which can be achieved by NIR irradiation through the transfer of heat to other hyperthermal materials through changes in their electrical conductivity or photothermal conversion Light detection. With the advantages of flexibility, environmental friendliness, simple preparation, easy doping and high sensitivity, conjugated polymer materials open up new prospects for the application and popularization of next-generation NIR sensors.