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生育政策的调整短期内在城市中会导致新出生人口的增加,因而对于基础教育资源配置需要有重新的规划。文章以生师比的区域差异和新出生人口的空间分布为主线,结合新型城镇化建设过程中人口迁移带来新增入学需求的增加,分析我国城市基础教育资源配置受生育政策调整的影响,并以北京市为例,细致分析了特大城市内部不同市区基础教育资源配置的政策影响。经过分析和测算,短期内需要适当地增加城市市区基础教育资源的配置以满足未来几年入学需求的增长;就全国而言,急需增加资源的区域主要集中于中部、西南和华南地区,在特大型城市,应在新增出生人口多且生师比较高的市区增加资源投入;长期来看,政策带来的生育影响会趋于稳定,因而基础教育资源配置仍需考虑人口数量和结构的长期变化。
The adjustment of the reproductive policy will lead to the increase of the new born population in the cities in the short term, so there is a need to re-plan the allocation of basic education resources. This article takes the regional difference of student-teacher ratio and the spatial distribution of new born population as the main line, combined with the increase of new enrollment brought by the population migration in the process of new urbanization, analyzes the influence of the adjustment of the fertility policy on the allocation of urban basic education resources in our country, Taking Beijing as an example, this paper analyzes in detail the policy implications of allocating basic education resources in different urban areas in megalopolises. After analysis and calculation, it is necessary to appropriately increase the allocation of basic education resources in urban areas in the short term in order to meet the growth of enrollment requirements in the coming years. For the whole country, the areas in urgent need of additional resources are mainly located in central, southwest and southern China. In the mega-cities, the resources input should be increased in newly-added urban areas with a large population of births and relatively high students’ birth rates. In the long run, the fertility impact brought by policies will tend to be stable, so the allocation of basic education still needs to consider the population size and structure Long-term changes.