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目的研究三聚氰胺对大鼠的急性经口毒性和亚急性经口毒性。方法急性经口毒性试验,按霍恩法,40只健康清洁级Wistar大鼠按体重随机分为4组,每组10只,雌雄各半。剂量分别为2150、4640、10000和21500 mg/kg·bw。亚急性经口毒性试验,40只健康清洁级Wistar大鼠按体重随机分为4组,每组10只,雌雄各半。分别为3个三聚氰胺染毒组和1个基础饲料对照组,雌性大鼠低、中、高剂量组分别是225、450和900 mg/kg,雄性大鼠低、中、高剂量组分别是300、600和1200 mg/kg。各组连续喂饲染毒28 d。结果三聚氰胺对雌性大鼠经口LD50为5840(4300~7940)mg/kg·bw,对雄性大鼠经口LD50为7940(5840~10800)mg/kg·bw。与对照组相比大鼠喂饲含有三聚氰胺的饲料3周后进食量降低,体重下降,4周后血常规未见异常,血清BUN、CRE、TRIG、TP、Alb含量升高,肾脏湿重及脏体比升高;组织病理检查可见肾组织间质均出现程度不等的炎细胞浸润,部分肾小管变性/坏死/被结缔组织替代。结论三聚氰胺急性经口毒性属无毒级物质,但亚急性毒性试验表明,三聚氰胺可影响动物的生长发育,并对肾脏组织产生一定的毒性作用。肾脏是三聚氰胺毒作用的主要靶器官。
Objective To study the acute oral toxicity and subacute oral toxicity of melamine in rats. Methods Acute oral toxicity test, according to Horn method, 40 healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups according to body weight, with 10 in each group. The doses were 2150, 4640, 10000 and 21500 mg / kg bw, respectively. Subacute oral toxicity test, 40 healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups according to body weight, 10 in each group, male and female. Respectively, three melamine exposure groups and one basic feed control group, low, medium and high dose groups of female rats were 225,450 and 900 mg / kg, male rats were low, medium and high dose groups were 300 , 600 and 1200 mg / kg. Each group was fed with a continuous dose of 28 d. Results The LD50 of melamine in female rats was 5840 (4300-7940) mg / kg · bw, and the oral LD50 of male rats was 7940 (5840-10800 mg / kg · bw). Compared with the control group, the rats fed with melamine reduced the food intake and body weight after 3 weeks, and no abnormal blood routine after 4 weeks. The serum BUN, CRE, TRIG, TP and Alb levels were increased, Body mass ratio increased; histopathological examination showed varying degrees of interstitial renal cell infiltration of inflammatory cells, part of renal tubular degeneration / necrosis / replaced by connective tissue. Conclusions Acute oral toxicity of melamine is a non-toxic substance. However, subacute toxicity tests show that melamine can affect the growth and development of animals and produce toxic effects on kidney tissues. Kidney is the main target organ of melamine poisoning.