目的:探寻小儿烧伤发生规律、特点,以减少或防止小儿烧伤的发生。方法:回顾性分析2007年1月至2009年12月安徽医科大学第一附属医院烧伤科收治的1 278例1天至12岁小儿烧伤患者的好发年龄、致伤因素、致伤程度、烧伤部位、好发月份及患儿家庭等情况。结果:1 278例小儿烧伤占同期住院烧伤患者比例为46.5%,男806例,女472例,年龄以1～3岁发生率最高(52.0%);致伤原因主要是热液(84.2%);多为中度(48.4%)、轻度(42.1%);烧伤部位以躯干居多(64.7%);5～10月发生率最高;烧伤后入院前多未作任何处理(61.5%);得到合理处理仅占14.5%;城市人口占27.1%;农村人口占72.9%。结论:小儿烧伤主要是监护人的疏忽大意和照顾不周所致,重在预防,尤其是农村1～3岁小儿;提高监护人的安全意识并对热源的妥善管理,了解伤后简单、正确的处理,是减少或防止小儿烧伤发生、伤情加重的有效措施。 Objective: To explore the rules and characteristics of pediatric burn in order to reduce or prevent the occurrence of pediatric burn. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 1 278 children aged 1 to 12 years old admitted to Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2007 to December 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. The incidence of injury, injury, burn injury Site, good hair and children’s family and so on. Results: 1 278 pediatric burns accounted for 46.5% of hospitalized burns in the same period, including 806 males and 472 females. The highest incidence was found in children aged 1-3 years (52.0%). The main causes of injury were hydrothermal fluid (84.2%), ; Mostly moderate (48.4%), mild (42.1%); The majority of burns to the trunk (64.7%); The highest incidence from May to October; Burn before treatment more than any treatment (61.5%); get Only 14.5% of them are reasonably handled, 27.1% of urban population and 72.9% of rural population. Conclusion: Pediatric burns are mainly caused by negligence and inadequate care of guardians, especially in children aged 1 to 3 years old in rural areas; improving guardian’s safety awareness and proper management of heat sources; understanding simple and correct treatment after injury , Is to reduce or prevent the occurrence of pediatric burns, injuries and more effective measures.