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目的:研究家猪心房室结区血管的来源、分布和构筑特征,为房室结功能异常等提供形态学基础。方法:①用血管铸型技术观察家猪房室结区血管的大体解剖结构;②用墨汁灌注法,取房室结区组织,石蜡包埋连续切片、染色,光镜观察房室结区微血管构筑;③电子显微镜技术观察房室结区血管的亚微结构。结果:①铸型标本显示家猪房室结区的动脉多来源于右冠状动脉U型弯曲、左冠状动脉旋支的分支和结上方的房间隔动脉,彼此吻合丰富,明显多于普通心肌;②家猪房室结区内微血管密度高于普通心肌组织。微血管大小不等、形状不一,多沿细胞长轴走行。③家猪房室结区的毛细血管内皮细胞上有微小的单层细胞膜小区,类似有孔毛细血管。膜区较薄,外为基膜。一个血管切面上存在1-3个膜区,膜区的大小差别很大。结论:家猪房室结区的血供具有多来源性,血管密度比一般心肌大,毛细血管为有孔毛细血管,其通透性较高。
OBJECTIVE: To study the origin, distribution and characteristics of blood vessels in the atrioventricular node of porcine pigs and to provide a morphological basis for dysfunction of atrioventricular node. Methods: ① The vascular anatomy of pig atrioventricular nodus was observed by using blood vessel casting technique. ② Ink instillation was used to take the tissue of atrioventricular node and paraffin embedded sections, and the microvascular structures of atrioventricular node were observed with light microscope. ; ③ electron microscopy observation of atrioventricular zone vascular sub-micro-structure. Results: (1) The casts showed that the arteries in the atrioventricular node of domestic pig were mostly derived from the u-bend of the right coronary artery, the branch of the left coronary artery and the atrial septal artery above the knot, which were more abundant than the common myocardium. ② domestic pig atrioventricular nacre microvessel density is higher than normal myocardial tissue. Microvessels vary in size, shape, along the long axis of the cell line. ③ piglet atrioventricular capillary endothelial cells have a tiny single cell membrane area, similar to porous capillaries. Membrane area thinner, outside the basement membrane. There are 1-3 membrane sections on a blood vessel section, and the size of the membrane section varies greatly. Conclusion: The blood supply of hog atrioventricular zone in domestic pigs is multi-sourced. The density of blood vessels is larger than that of common myocardium. Capillaries are perforated capillaries with higher permeability.