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AIM: To unravel the possible association of malondialdehyde (MDA) and fructosamine in anemic H pylori infected patients and to observe the alteration in MDA and fructosamine levels in these patients after treatment for one month.METHODS: Fructosamine, MDA and glucose were estimated in 22 anemic H pylori infected patients and 16 healthy controls. Hematological parameters were also evaluated in both the groups using Sysmex-K-100 automated cell counter. The H pylori infected patients were randomly divided into two groups. H pylori infected patients in Group Ⅰ received both iron supplementation and anti-H pylori therapy, while patients in Group Ⅱ received only iron supplementation. All the biochemical and hematological parameters were estimated after one month of treatment.RESULTS: In anemic H pylori infected patients, while MDA (5.41 ± 2.16 vs 2.26 ± 0.50; P ＜ 0.05) and fructosamine (2.64 ± 0.93 vs 1.60 ± 0.35; P ＜ 0.05)were significantly increased, iron (32.72 ± 14.93 vs 110.25 ± 26.58; P ＜ 0.05), hemoglobin (6.9 ± 2.6 vs 12.66 ± 0.74; P ＜ 0.05) and ferritin (28.82 ± 16.27vs 140.43 ± 30.72; P ＜ 0.05) levels were significantly decreased compared with the controls. With partial correlation analysis, fructosamine was found to have a significant positive correlation with MDA. In Group Ⅰ,while MDA level decreased significantly (3.11 ± 1.73 vs 5.50 ± 2.46; P ＜ 0.05), there was a significant increase in iron (84.09 ± 29.51 vs 36.09 ± 17.81; P ＜ 0.05),hemoglobin (10.40 ± 1.11 vs 7.42 ± 1.90; P ＜ 0.05)and ferritin (116.91 ± 63.34 vs 30.46 ± 17.81; P ＜ 0.05)levels after one month. There was no significant change in the levels of fructosamine in group Ⅰ after treatment.Similarly, no significant alterations were noted in the levels of MDA, fructosamine, hemoglobin or ferritin in Group Ⅱ patients after one month of treatment.CONCLUSION: An increased level of fructosamine and MDA was found in anemic H pylori infected patients.Present data supports the premise that lipid peroxides perse do play a role in the glycation of plasma proteins.Furthermore, the findings from this study indicate that treatment for both anemia and H pylori infections is required for lowering the levels of lipid peroxides in these patients.