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目的:观察膳食模式(低血糖指数食物模式)对妊娠糖代谢异常孕妇体重及胎儿出生体重的影响。方法:糖负荷或糖耐量试验筛查出糖代谢异常、孕24～28周孕妇92例,来营养科就诊46例孕妇为膳食管理组,对其进行糖耐量试验筛查前3个月食物摄入频度调查。根据其营养评价的信息、孕前BMI、个体具体情况,为其制订个性化的营养处方,给予低血糖指数食物模式;没来营养科就诊另外46例孕妇为膳食非管理组,只列行常规的产科检查。观察2组孕妇孕期体重增长速度及巨大儿发生率。结果:膳食管理组孕妇体重增长(孕前～分娩)13.04±4.12 kg;(孕29～分娩)3.04±3.77 kg;巨大儿发生率6.5%,明显低于膳食非管理组孕妇体重增长分别为16.52±4.47 kg;7.06±3.13 kg;巨大儿发生率30.4%(P<0.01),膳食管理组妊娠并发症发生率低于非膳食管理组。结论:合理膳食模式(低血糖指数食物模式)可以改善糖代谢异常孕妇体重增长速度及胎儿出生体重,妊娠并发症发生率减少,母胎结局明显改善。
Objective: To observe the effects of dietary patterns (low glycemic index food patterns) on body weight and fetal birth weight in pregnant women with abnormal glucose metabolism. Methods: Sugar metabolism or glucose tolerance test screening of abnormal glucose metabolism, pregnant 24 to 28 weeks pregnant women 92 cases, 46 cases of pregnant women to the nutrition section for the diet management group, its glucose tolerance test screening 3 months before the food intake Into the frequency of investigation. According to the nutritional evaluation of information, pre-pregnancy BMI, the individual’s specific circumstances, to formulate personalized nutrition prescription, given low blood sugar index food pattern; did not come to nutrition section treatment of 46 pregnant women for non-dietary group, only routine Obstetric examination. Two groups of pregnant women observed the rate of weight gain during pregnancy and the incidence of macrosomia. Results: The body weight of pregnant women in the dietary management group was 13.04 ± 4.12 kg (pre-pregnancy to childbirth), 3.04 ± 3.77 kg (pregnant 29 to childbirth), 6.5% of the children with macrosomia were significantly lower than those in the non-dietary group (16.52 ± 4.47 kg and 7.06 ± 3.13 kg respectively. The incidence of macrosomia was 30.4% (P <0.01). The incidence of pregnancy complications in the diet management group was lower than that in the non-diet management group. Conclusion: A reasonable dietary pattern (hypoglycemic index food pattern) can improve the rate of weight gain and fetal birth weight in pregnant women with abnormal glucose metabolism. The incidence of pregnancy complications is reduced and the outcome of mother fetuses is significantly improved.