Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the nursing students’ levels of the knowledge,willingness,and attitudes toward first aid behavior as bystanders in road traffic accident and the related factors.Methods: A total of 475 nursing students were recruited by convenience choosing in Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.The nursing students’ self-efficacy,core self-evaluation,knowledge,willingness and attitudes toward first aid behavior as bystanders in traffic accidents were investigated with a self-designed questionnaire.Results: The scores of knowledge,willingness,and attitudes toward first aid behavior in traffic accident trauma were 7.51 ± 1.93,15.54 ± 5.03,and 7.73 ± 1.56,respectively.Students who once gained training of first aid showed lower levels of attitude toward first aid behavior than those untrained (t=-2.345,P=0.019).It was found that self-efficacy was correlated to the knowledge (r=0.150,P＜ 0.001),willingness (r =0.182,P ＜ 0.004) and attitudes toward behavior of the first aid (r =0.371,P ＜ 0.001) among nursing students.Core self-evaluation was correlated to knowledge (r =0.193,P ＜ 0.001) and attitudes toward behavior of the first aid (r=0.199,P＜ 0.001).Conclusions: The first aid knowledge among nursing students was not satisfactory.The study suggested that an unsustainable short first-aid training program may bring negative effects.Countermeasures should be taken to ensure both quality and continuity of first aid training.Meanwhile,more attention should be paid to improving the self-efficacy and core self-evaluation of the nursing students.