报道食管平滑肌瘤18例的手术治疗。16例行肿瘤摘除术,2例行食管部分切除并食管-胃吻合术。全组无手术死亡和并发症,效果满意。作者认为,对症状或食管x线检查表现不典型的病例应作食管镜检查,以提高诊断准确率。对小的食管平滑肌瘤,术前宜再次食管钡餐造影,以免将食管腔内气泡误诊为平滑肌瘤。对难与恶性肿瘤鉴别的中上段病变,应注意手术切口的选择。 Reported 18 cases of esophageal leiomyoma surgery. 16 patients underwent tumor resection, 2 patients underwent partial esophageal resection and esophageal-gastric anastomosis. There were no operative deaths and complications in the whole group and the results were satisfactory. The authors believe that esophageal examination should be performed in cases where the symptoms or esophageal x-ray findings are not typical to improve the diagnostic accuracy. For small esophageal leiomyomas, esophageal barium meal should be performed again before surgery to avoid misdiagnosing esophageal cavity bubbles as leiomyoma. For the upper and middle segment lesions that are difficult to identify with malignant tumors, the choice of surgical incision should be noted.