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在吉林省中部地区黑土条件下,通过田间试验研究氮肥对玉米的增产效应和氮肥的利用效率。结果表明,施用氮肥处理产量极显著高于不施氮肥处理,但并不随施N量的增加而持续增加,当施N量增加至145 kg/hm2时,玉米产量最高,再增加施N量,其产量下降,符合二次曲线方程Y=ax2+bx+c。从施肥效益考虑,最大效益施N量为152.3～173.9 kg/hm2,获得玉米产量8 800～12 127 kg/hm2。玉米对氮肥的利用率随施N量的增加而降低。范家屯镇、陶家屯镇、万发镇3个试验点的施N量由90 kg/hm2增加至255 kg/hm2,其氮肥利用率分别由32.71%、58.95%和30.81%降低至14.52%、21.74%和11.16%。
Under the condition of black soil in the central part of Jilin Province, field experiments were conducted to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on corn yield and nitrogen use efficiency. The results showed that the yield of nitrogen fertilizer application was significantly higher than that of no nitrogen fertilizer application, but did not increase with the increase of N application rate. When the N application rate increased to 145 kg / hm2, the corn yield was the highest, Its output decreased, in line with the quadratic equation Y = ax2 + bx + c. Considering the benefit of fertilization, the maximum benefit of N application was 152.3 ~ 173.9 kg / hm2 and the yield of maize was 8 800 ~ 12 127 kg / hm2. The utilization rate of maize to nitrogen fertilizer decreased with the increase of N application rate. The nitrogen application rates of three experimental sites in Fanjiatun, Taojiatun and Wanfa townships increased from 90 kg / hm2 to 255 kg / hm2, and their nitrogen use efficiency decreased from 32.71%, 58.95% and 30.81% to 14.52%, respectively. 21.74% and 11.16% respectively.