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Background Octride was the main method for the treatment of esophageal variceal bleeding (EVB). The aim of this study was to compare the cost-effect and safety between esophageal variceal ligation (EVL) plus octride and octride alone in acute esophageal bleeding.Methods A total of 101 cirrhotic patients with EVB were involved in this study and received emergency EVL+octride (EVL group) or only octride therapy randomly. The cost, efficacy and safety were analyzed and compared between the two groups.Results Among 51 patients in EVL group, 5 (10%) patients failed. Among 50 patients in the octride treatment group, 13 patients (26%) failed. The difference was significant (P<0.05). The average blood transfusion volume was (2.4±2.2) units in the EVL group and (6.4±3.4) units in the octride treatment group (P <0.05). Hospital stay was (7.4±1.3) days in the EVL group and (11.4±3.3) days in the octride treatment group (P<0.05). The average hospital cost was (10 983±1147) yuan in the EVL group and (13 921 ±2107) yuan in the octride treatment group (P<0.05). Conclusion Emergency endoscopic ligation plus octride is superior to octride alone in the treatment of acute EVB with lower cost and higher efficacy with enough safety.