细菌性脑膜炎主要由脑膜炎奈瑟菌(脑膜炎球菌)和流感嗜血杆菌b型(Hib)引起,由脑膜炎球菌引起脑膜炎的发病率在发展中国家为10～25/10万,且向全球流行蔓延。在疫苗未应用的发展中国家,Hib是导致儿童肺炎和脑膜炎的主要病原菌之一。细菌性脑膜炎的研究因标本运送至参考实验室的过程中不能保持病原菌的存活而受限制。 Bacterial meningitis is mainly caused by Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcal) and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), and the incidence of meningitis caused by meningococci is in the range of 10-25 / 100,000 in developing countries, And spread to the global epidemic. Hib is one of the leading pathogens causing pneumonia and meningitis in children in developing countries where vaccines are not available. Bacterial meningitis is limited by the inability to maintain the viability of pathogens as it is transported to reference laboratories.