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目的了解山东省报告的流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)病例临床转归(后遗症和死亡)情况。方法对山东省2007～2008年报告的乙脑病例在发病6个月后,由县级疾病预防控制中心专业人员,采用入户或电话等方式进行随访调查。结果 2007～2008年共对报告的261例乙脑病例,在发病6个月后进行了随访调查,2年中的病例随访率分别为98.64%和100.00%,其后遗症发生率分别为17.01%和14.91%。其中最多的后遗症为记忆力或理解力障碍(76.19%),其次为语言障碍(66.67%)、流涎(33.33%)、瘫痪(28.57%),另外还有部分病例留有耳聋、痴呆、癫痫、吞咽困难、精神失常等后遗症。2007～2008年病死率分别为17.69%和19.30%,高于法定传染病报告系统的7.48%和7.89%,≥40岁乙脑病例的病死率高于其他年龄组。结论乙脑病例的后遗症发生率和病死率均较高,应加强对乙脑病例临床转归的监测。
Objective To understand the clinical outcome (sequelae and death) of cases of Japanese encephalitis (JE) reported in Shandong Province. Methods Six months after the onset of JE cases reported in Shandong Province from 2007 to 2008, a survey was conducted by county CDC professionals using either home or telephone. Results A total of 261 JE cases reported from 2007 to 2008 were followed up for 6 months after the onset of disease. The follow-up rates were 98.64% and 100.00% respectively in 2 years, with sequelae of 17.01% and 14.91%. The most common sequelae were memory impairment or comprehension disorder (76.19%), followed by speech disorders (66.67%), salivation (33.33%) and paralysis (28.57%). In addition, some cases had deafness, dementia, epilepsy and swallowing Difficult, insanity and other sequelae. The case fatality rates from 2007 to 2008 were 17.69% and 19.30%, respectively, which were higher than 7.48% and 7.89% of the legal infectious disease reporting system. The case fatality rate of ≥40 years old JE cases was higher than other age groups. Conclusions The incidence of sequelae and fatality rate of JE cases are high, and the clinical outcome of JE cases should be strengthened.