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(一)前言作为一个工程师能在此发言,我深感荣幸。当然,这也是我不容推卸的责任。在普拉特(Plate)教授邀请我作报告时,我欣然同意。但是随后我又感到不安。因为该题目是如此之广泛,而我的水力学知识却非常有限。作为一个工程师和大学教师,我经常涉及各种工程问题,但它们与纯水力学几乎无关,与水力学研究更少联系。但是,有人,特别是普拉特教授认为我直得就此问题发表一些意见。我不愿让他感到失望。因此我前来参加,
(I) Foreword It is an honor for me to speak as an engineer. Of course, this is also my responsibility can not shirk. When Professor Plate invited me to make a report, I readily agreed. But then I felt uneasy again. Because the subject is so extensive, my knowledge of hydraulics is very limited. As an engineer and university teacher, I often deal with a variety of engineering problems, but they have little to do with pure hydraulics and have less to do with hydraulics. However, some people, especially Professor Pratt, think that I am right to make some comments on this issue. I do not want to disappoint him. So I came to attend