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在50多年前,腺苷酸已被发现是一种骨骼肌血流调节分子。此观点的提出是由于有学者在研究骨骼肌收缩过程中发现ATP消耗量增加导致净ATP的分解,并促使其分解产物腺苷酸通过细胞间隙扩散至血液中。在移除腺苷酸的过程中,腺苷酸能够松弛血管平滑肌从而能为骨骼肌收缩增加血流量与氧气。多年来这一机制已被广泛得到认知,但其中仍有一些尚待解决的问题。腺苷酸不仅松弛血管平滑肌,更有助于运动充血。然而,腺苷酸形成于胞外的这一发现将研究重点转向了腺苷酸的前身——ATP。多种组织能够释放ATP,产生各种生理效应,包括调节血管收缩与舒张、调控骨骼肌血流控制的神经机制等。本文针对ATP和腺苷酸调控的伴随收缩活动的骨骼肌扩张问题进行综述。
Adenosine has been found to be a skeletal muscle flow regulator for more than 50 years. This view is raised because some scholars in the study of skeletal muscle contraction found that increased ATP consumption led to the decomposition of net ATP and promote the decomposition of adenosine through the cell gap to the blood. During the removal of adenosine, adenosine relaxes vascular smooth muscle and thus increases blood flow and oxygen for skeletal muscle contraction. This mechanism has been widely recognized over the years, but there are still some problems that remain to be solved. Adenylate not only relax vascular smooth muscle, but also contribute to exercise hyperemia. However, the finding that adenylate forms extracellularly shifts the focus of research to the adenosine precursor, ATP. A variety of tissues can release ATP, produce a variety of physiological effects, including the regulation of vasoconstriction and relaxation, regulate the neural mechanism of skeletal muscle blood flow control. This article reviews ATP and adenosine-mediated skeletal muscle expansion associated with contractile activity.