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正义的问题是从古到今一个未获解决的问题。正义是社会性的;有人主张,它即是幸福,但什么是幸福呢?正义本质上只能是主观的、相对的价值判断,但人类不以此为满足,渴望绝对的正义观念。思想家不断寻找这项观念。柏拉图的“绝对善”的理念和耶稣的“爱”的教义代表形而上学与宗教派的正义观念。另有理性主义派,企图从人类理性来说明正义,提出种种原则:“给各人以应有”、“还报”、“平等”、“己之所欲乃施之于人”,等等。亚里士多德的“中庸”说,也属于这一派。但两派对于绝对正义问题都未曾提供满意的答复。最后,作者提出容忍作为相对的正义——“容忍正义”,即容忍思想自由发表的原则。
The problem of justice is an unsolved problem from ancient times to today. Justice is social; some people advocate that it is happiness, but what is happiness? Just in essence, justice can only be a subjective and relative value judgments, but human beings do not satisfy, longing for the absolute concept of justice. Thinkers are constantly looking for this idea. Plato’s concept of “absolute goodness” and Jesus’ “love” doctrine represent metaphysics and religious concepts of justice. Another rationalist group attempts to illustrate justice from human rationality and puts forward various principles: “giving everybody what it wants”, “returning”, “equality”, “giving what one wants and wants to others”, etc. . Aristotle’s Doctrine of the Mean also belongs to this school. However, neither party has provided a satisfactory answer to the issue of just justice. Finally, the author proposes tolerance as the relative justice - “tolerance of justice”, that is, the principle of tolerating freedom of thought.