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目的了解浙江省温州地区监测场所禽流感病毒的分类、组成和分布特点,为禽流感的防控提供指导。方法采集温州地区禽类监测场所标本,采用荧光定量PCR技术对禽流感A型通用及H5、H7、H9亚型检测,并进行统计学分析。结果共采集1 885份标本,A型通用及H5、H7、H9亚型的阳性率分别为53.3%、9.8%、15.3%和8.6%,禽场所H7N9的平均阳性率为11.6%,未知亚型阳性率为24.1%;禽流感病毒阳性率从2011年起逐年增高,2014年最高(66.0%);1月和2月禽流感病毒阳性率最高,分别为72.3%和71.2%;地区分布以温州市龙湾区最高(75.4%)、瑞安市(64.3%)和永嘉县(61.0%)次之。不同年份、月份和地区之间禽流感病毒阳性率差异均有统计学意义;不同采集场所中,家禽养殖场的病毒阳性率(6.94%)明显低于农贸市场(61.7%)和活禽交易市场(52.8%);不同类型标本中,案板的流感病毒阳性率最高(65.4%)、污水次之(59.3%)、饮用水最低(29.6%)。不同采集场所和不同类型标本间差异均有统计学意义。结论温州地区禽流感疫情依然严峻,特别是禽类流通场所,存在极大的人感染禽流感的风险,要加强监测力度。
Objective To understand the classification, composition and distribution of bird flu virus in the monitoring area of Wenzhou in Zhejiang Province and provide guidance for the prevention and control of the bird flu. Methods Specimens from poultry monitoring sites in Wenzhou were collected. Fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect avian influenza A type and H5, H7 and H9 subtypes, and statistical analysis was made. Results A total of 1885 specimens were collected. The positive rates of type A general and H5, H7 and H9 subtypes were 53.3%, 9.8%, 15.3% and 8.6% respectively. The average positive rate of H7N9 in poultry was 11.6% The positive rate was 24.1%; the positive rate of avian influenza virus increased year by year from 2011 to the highest in 2014 (66.0%); the positive rates of avian influenza virus in January and February were the highest (72.3% and 71.2% respectively) Longwan District, the highest (75.4%), Ruian (64.3%) and Yongjia (61.0%) followed. The positive rates of avian influenza virus in different years, months and regions were statistically significant. The positive rates of poultry farms (6.94%) in different sampling sites were significantly lower than those in farmers’ markets (61.7%) and live poultry markets (52.8%). Among different types of samples, the positive rate of influenza virus was the highest (65.4%), followed by the sewage (59.3%) and the lowest drinking water (29.6%). Different collection sites and different types of specimens were statistically significant differences. Conclusions The outbreak of bird flu in Wenzhou area is still severe. Especially in places where birds are allowed to pass, there is a great risk of people being infected with the bird flu. Monitoring efforts should be intensified.