目的 :探讨大鼠腰神经根受压后后背根神经节和脊髓后角神经元型一氧化氮合酶阳性神经元的变化规律。方法 :选用 12只 Wistar大鼠 ,随机分为实验组和正常组 ,采用免疫组织化学 ABC法结合图像分析系统进行研究。结果 :大鼠腰神经根受压后 4周 ,实验组背根神经节中神经元型一氧化氮合酶阳性神经元细胞数、平均面积明显增多 ,脊髓后角神经元型一氧化氮合酶阳性神经末梢也明显增多 ,与正常组相比均有显著性差异。神经元形态以中、小型细胞为主。结论 :大鼠腰神经根受压后感觉神经元神经元型一氧化氮合酶表达上调 ,提示神经元型一氧化氮合酶可能与根性腰腿痛的发生有关 Objective: To investigate the changes of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) positive neurons in the dorsal root ganglion and spinal dorsal horn after compression of lumbar nerve root in rats. Methods: Twelve Wistar rats were randomly divided into experimental group and normal group. Immunohistochemical ABC method combined with image analysis system was used to study. RESULTS: Four weeks after the lumbar nerve root compression, the numbers and average area of ​​neuronal nitric oxide synthase positive neurons in the dorsal root ganglion of the experimental group were significantly increased. The neuronal nitric oxide synthase Positive nerve endings also significantly increased, compared with the normal group were significantly different. Neuronal morphology to medium and small cells based. Conclusion: The upregulation of the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in sensory neurons after lumbar nerve root compression in rats suggests that the neuronal nitric oxide synthase may be related to the occurrence of lumbosacral pain