肺出血肾炎综合征(Goodpasture’s syndrome)是一个原因未明的自体免疫性疾病。有人提出病毒和链球菌感染,接触烃蒸气是可能的致病因子。家族性发病仅有2篇报道。本文报道同卵双胎姊妹18岁患肺出血肾炎综合征。患者甲于症状出现前因售卖汽油2周接触烃蒸气而得病。出现紫绀和明显呼吸困难,大量咯血、显微镜下血尿,以及 X 线示两肺广泛融合阴影。肾活检显 Goodpasture’s syndrome is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology. It has been suggested that viral and streptococcal infections and exposure to hydrocarbon vapors are possible causative agents. Familial disease only 2 reports. This article reports the same twin twins 18-year-old suffering from hemorrhagic nephritis syndrome. Patient A became ill with gas vapor exposure due to the sale of gasoline for 2 weeks prior to the onset of symptoms. Cyanosis and significant dyspnea, massive hemoptysis, microscopic hematuria, and X-ray showed extensive fusion of both lungs. Renal biopsy