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新疆农田土壤有机质含量低(1%左右),结构差,易板结,杂草多,为保证作物播种采用传统耕翻方法及多次辅助耕作极易引起土壤水分损失,苗床质量差,造成出苗不整齐,贻误播种期,提高机耕成本等一系列弊端。近年来新疆开始试验不耕翻直接耙茬播种的少耕法,收到一定效果。这是对传统耕作方法改革的尝试,并将对土壤管理制度产生深远的影响。我们在北疆地区(三坪农场)有代表性的农田土壤上进行了五年(1980—1984年)大面积少耕法(耙茬)生产试验,对少耕条件下的农田生态(土壤、作物、杂草等)进行了定点观测,其结果如下:
Xinjiang farmland soil organic matter content is low (about 1%), poor structure, easy to knot, weeds and more, in order to ensure the sowing of crops using traditional tillage methods and multiple secondary cultivation can easily lead to soil moisture loss, poor quality seedbed, resulting in emergence is not Neat, delaying seeding period, raising the cost of cultivating a series of malpractice. In recent years, Xinjiang began experimenting with no-tillage and directly rake-cropping less tillage and received some results. This is an attempt to reform the traditional farming methods and will have a profound impact on the soil management system. We conducted five years (1980-1984) large area tillage (stubble cropping) production trials on representative farmland soils in northern Xinjiang (Sanping Farm) Crops, weeds, etc.) were sentinel observations, the results are as follows: