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目的通过与关节镜下单纯采用同种异体肌腱重建前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)比较,探讨带跟骨异体跟腱重建 ACL 促进腱-骨愈合的作用.方法选择2008年1月至2009年12月收治并符合纳入标准的41例 ACL 损伤患者,随机分为两组,其中21例采用带跟骨异体跟腱重建 ACL (试验组),20例采用单纯同种异体肌腱重建 ACL (对照组).两组患者年龄、性别、损伤原因、病程及术前功能评分等一般资料差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性.两组均采用单束单隧道技术重建 ACL.结果术后2周两组所有患者切口均I期愈合.两组患者均获随访,试验组随访时间24~28个月,平均26个月;对照组24~30个月,平均28个月.术后2年,试验组 Lachman 试验阴性率71.4%(15例),前抽屉试验阴性率76.2%(16例);对照组2个试验的阴性率分别为70.0%(14例)和75.0%(15例).术后2年,试验组 Lysholm 评分、国际膝关节文献委员会(IKDC)评分与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).CT 检查示,术后2年两组骨隧道直径均较术后1个月有不同程度增加,但试验组(4/21,19.0%)的骨隧道扩大率明显小于对照组(8/20,40.0%)(P0.05), which were comparable. The single-bundle and single-tunnel ACL reconstruction was performed in both groups. Results All the incisions in both groups were healed by the first intention 2 weeks postoperatively. The patients were followed up for an average period of 26 months (range; 24-28 months) in the trial group, and 28 months (range; 24-30 months) in the control group. 2 years after the operation, 15 cases (71.4%) were negative in the Lachman test, and 16 cases (76.2%) were negative in the anterior drawer test in the trail group. In contrast, 14 cases (70.0%) and 15 cases (75.0%) were negative respectively in the control group. There were no significant differences in the Lysholm score and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score between the 2 groups 2 years after the operation (P>0.05). The CT exam showed the bone tunnel diameter was enlarged in different degrees in both groups 2 years after the operation, when compared with that 1 month postoperatively. However, the rate of bone tunnel enlargement in the trial group (4/21, 19.0%) was obviously less than that in the control group (8/20, 40.0%) (P<0.05). The knee joint laxity examination showed the displacement in the trial group (1.82±0.90) mm was obviously less than that in the control group (2.29±0.77) mm. Conclusions The ACL reconstruction using achilles tendon allograft with attached calcaneus can decrease the rate of bone tunnel enlargement to some degree and promote the tendon-bone healing, with better short-term clinical outcomes, when compared with the ACL reconstruction using simple tendon allograft.