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通过对黑河流域不同水体如降水、河水、深井(>80m)、浅井(<80m)及泉水的氚(T)含量的测定,结合文献资料和国际原子能机构数据,对流域不同水体氚(T)含量的空间分布特征进行了分析,并对黑河流域浅层和深层地下水的补给来源、年龄及其更新时间进行了研究。结果表明:1)黑河上游、中游及下游河水T含量分别为50.0TU,33.3TU及20.9TU,呈逐渐降低趋势;上游和中游降水T含量变化也呈相似的规律,说明黑河流域河水来自黑河源区降水,且河水从上游到下游流动过程中与地下水进行转换。尤其是在临泽到正义峡段,河水的平均T含量为31.9TU,说明张掖和临泽灌溉抽提的地下水对河水有补给作用。2)黑河上游和中游山前平原的深层地下水T含量大于30.0TU,补给年龄小于50a;中游盆地及下游深层地下水T含量低于10.0TU,地下水年龄在50a以上,为次现代水,更新速度慢。3)黑河上游地下水和河道附近区域的浅层地下水的T含量高于30.0TU,补给年龄低于50a;远离河道浅层地下水T含量低于10.0TU,补给年龄大于50a。说明黑河源区降水是上游地下水的补给源,出山径流是黑河干流附近浅层地下水的主要补给源,地下水补给年龄低于50a,更新期短;远离河道区域的浅层地下水T含量低于10.0TU,为次现代水,更新速度慢。本研究结果对合理科学地利用黑河流域水资源具有借鉴意义。
Through the determination of tritium (T) content in different water bodies such as precipitation, river water, deep wells (> 80m), shallow wells (<80m) and springs in the Heihe River Basin, combined with literature data and IAEA data, Content of the spatial distribution of the characteristics were analyzed, and the Heihe River Basin shallow and deep groundwater recharge sources, age and renewal time were studied. The results showed that: 1) The T contents of the upper, middle and downstream reaches of the Heihe River were 50.0TU, 33.3TU and 20.9TU, respectively, showing a gradual decreasing trend; the T content in the upper and middle reaches also showed a similar pattern, indicating that the Heihe River was from Heihe District precipitation, and river water from upstream to downstream flow process and groundwater conversion. Especially in Linze to the just gorge, the average T content of the river was 31.9TU, indicating that the groundwater extracted from irrigation in Zhangye and Linze has a supply effect on the river. 2) The T content of deep groundwater in the upper reaches of the Heihe River and the piedmont plain is greater than 30.0TU, and the recharge age is less than 50 years. The T content of the groundwater in the middle reaches and the lower reaches is less than 10.0TU. The groundwater is above 50a, . 3) The groundwater in the upper reaches of the Heihe River and the shallow groundwater in the vicinity of the river have a T content higher than 30.0TU, and the recharge age is lower than 50a; the T content in shallow groundwater far away from the riverway is less than 10.0TU, and the recharge age is more than 50a. The result shows that precipitation in the Heihe River source area is the recharge source of the upstream groundwater. The runoff is the main recharge source of the shallow groundwater near the Heihe River. The recharge age is less than 50 years and the renewal period is short. The T content of shallow groundwater far away from the river channel is less than 10.0 TU , For the second generation of water, slow update. The results of this study have reference significance for rational and scientific utilization of water resources in Heihe River Basin.