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研究洱海近岸菜地浅层地下水埋深是合理调控浅层地下水位和防止土壤氮磷随浅层地下水流失的基础。通过对洱海近岸菜地2 a（2014年6月至2016年5月）浅层地下水埋深进行监测，分析了浅层地下水埋深的时空变化特征和影响因素。结果表明，洱海近岸菜地5个高程浅层地下水埋深均服从正态分布，其平均值为25.21～45.07 cm，变异系数在0.26～0.43之间。浅层地下水埋深旱季深、雨季浅，其月变化和雨、旱季不同期，存在滞后现象，雨季浅层地下水埋深变异系数大于旱季。旱季和雨季浅层地下水埋深空间变化随等高线均呈不规则带状分布。洱海水位、降雨、灌溉、潜水蒸发和土壤物理特性的空间变异均是影响洱海近岸菜地浅层地下水埋深变化的主要因素。其中，1 966 m高程浅层地下水埋深与洱海水位呈极显著线性相关（p＜0.01），二者互为连通，相互补给；其他高程浅层地下水埋深与降雨量和灌溉量呈显著线性相关（p＜0.05），随降雨量增加，浅层地下水埋深逐渐变浅，随潜水蒸发量和灌溉量增加，浅层地下水埋深逐渐变深。距洱海由近及远土壤母质为河湖相沉积物到第四纪红黏土，使得不同发生层土壤渗水性由强变弱，造成离洱海越远，海拔越高，浅层地下水埋深越浅，变幅越小。
Studying shallow groundwater depth of Erhai Lake vegetable field is the basis of controlling shallow groundwater level and preventing nitrogen and phosphorus from losing with shallow groundwater. Through monitoring the groundwater depth of shallow groundwater in the Erhai Lake vegetable field for 2 years (from June 2014 to May 2016), the temporal and spatial variation characteristics and influencing factors of shallow groundwater depth were analyzed. The results show that the groundwater depths of 5 elevation shallow groundwater in Erhai Lake are all normal distribution, with the average value of 25.21 ~ 45.07 cm and variation coefficient of 0.26 ~ 0.43. The shallow groundwater depth is deep in the dry season, shallow in the rainy season, lagging in the monthly variation and different periods in the rainy season and the dry season. The variation coefficient of the shallow groundwater depth in the rainy season is larger than that in the dry season. The spatial variations of shallow groundwater depths in the dry season and the rainy season showed irregular bands along the contour lines. The spatial variability of water level, rainfall, irrigation, submerged evaporation and soil physical properties in Erhai Lake are the main factors affecting the shallow groundwater depth changes in the Erhai Lake vegetable field. Among them, the shallow groundwater depth at 1 966 m elevation was significantly and linearly correlated with the Erhai Lake water level (p <0.01), and the two were interconnected and recharged each other. The groundwater depth of shallow groundwater in other elevation was significantly linear with rainfall and irrigation (P <0.05). With the increase of rainfall, the shallow groundwater depth gradually became shallow. With the increase of submersion evaporation and irrigation, the depth of shallow groundwater gradually became deeper. From near and far from Erhai, the parent material for the river and lake sediments to the Quaternary red clay, making the occurrence of different layers of soil permeability from strong to weak, resulting from the Erhai Lake farther, the higher the elevation, shallow shallow groundwater depth , The smaller amplitude.