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从1978年开始到20世纪90年代中期,中国政府坚持“效率优先,兼顾公平”的改革方向,施政重点放在经济政策上,旨在加速经济发展。可以说,在这一时期,在某种意义上说,中国只有经济政策,没有社会政策。进入新世纪,面对越来越多且越来越严重的社会问题和社会矛盾,中国政府开始将更大的注意力转移到社会政策上来,并将更多的资源投入社会政策领域。可以说,中国公共政策的格局正在从偏重经济政策到重视社会政策的转变。本文试图从中国社会政治经济转型的大背景下来解释中国公共政策在新世纪之初出现的从经济政策到社会政策的格局改变。本文认为,中国社会矛盾的凸现是出现这种转变的社会经济背景,政府财政汲取能力的增强为这种转变提供了财政基础和必要条件,而中国公共政策议程设置模式的改变则为这一转变提供了内在的动因。
From 1978 to the mid-1990s, the Chinese government adhered to the reform direction of “giving top priority to efficiency while giving consideration to fairness.” The government focused on economic policies aimed at accelerating economic development. It can be said that in this period, in a certain sense, China has only economic policies and no social policies. In the new century, in the face of more and more and more serious social problems and social conflicts, the Chinese government has begun to shift its attention to social policies and devote more resources to social policy. It can be said that the pattern of China’s public policy is shifting from emphasizing economic policy to attaching importance to social policy. This article tries to explain the change of the pattern from economic policy to social policy of Chinese public policy at the beginning of the new century from the background of social-political economic transition in China. This paper argues that the prominence of China’s social contradictions is the socio-economic background of such a shift. The enhancement of the government’s fiscal ability to absorb has provided the financial basis and necessary conditions for such a shift. The change in the setting mode of China’s public policy agenda is the change Provided an intrinsic motivation.