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目的了解北京广外社区居民慢性病流行状况及相关危险因素,为制定慢性病防治规划提供科学依据。方法于2014年12月至2015年4月采用整群随机抽样的方法,选取广外社区15~79岁的6 510名居民进行问卷调查、体格检查和血生化检测。用SPSS 21.0软件进行描述性统计分析。结果广外社区居民慢性病的总体患病率为56.2%,其中前8位慢性病的患病率由高到低依次为高血压(24.1%)、糖尿病(8.7%)、冠心病(7.5%)、血脂异常(6.8%)、慢性骨关节病(4.1%)、脑卒中(3.1%)、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(1.0%)和恶性肿瘤(0.9%)。广外地区居民健康危险因素为缺乏体育锻炼(52.20%)、超重(31.90%)、嗜盐(20.30%)、吸烟(17.40%)和饮酒(9.72%)。对居民健康需求的调查结果显示,定期进行“体格检查”的需求最高(35.4%)。居民就诊时首选三级医院的比例为56.6%,首诊选择社区卫生服务机构的比例仅为24.6%,首诊选择二级医院的比例为17.0%。结论慢性病成为威胁广外社区居民的主要健康问题,社区卫生服务应有效加强慢性病管理,开展慢性病综合防治,大力提倡合理的生活方式,引导居民在社区首诊,形成分级诊疗格局。
Objective To understand the epidemic situation and related risk factors of chronic diseases in Guang-Guang community residents in Beijing and to provide a scientific basis for the development of chronic disease prevention and control programs. Methods From December 2014 to April 2015, a cluster random sampling method was used to select 6 510 residents aged 15-79 in Guang-Hua community for questionnaire survey, physical examination and blood biochemical test. Descriptive statistical analysis using SPSS 21.0 software. Results The overall prevalence rate of chronic diseases in Guangwai community residents was 56.2%. Among them, the prevalence rates of the first 8 chronic diseases were hypertension (24.1%), diabetes (8.7%), coronary heart disease (7.5%), Dyslipidemia (6.8%), Chronic Osteoarthropathy (4.1%), Stroke (3.1%), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (1.0%) and Malignancy (0.9%). The health risk factors for residents in extra-territories were physical inactivity (52.20%), overweight (31.90%), halophilic (20.30%), smoking (17.40%) and alcohol consumption (9.72%). The survey of residents’ health needs showed that the demand for regular “physical examination” was the highest (35.4%). The proportion of residents who preferred tertiary hospitals at the time of visit was 56.6%, that of community health service institutions at the first visit was only 24.6%, and that of secondary hospitals at the first visit was 17.0%. Conclusion Chronic diseases have become a major health problem that threatens community residents. Community health services should effectively strengthen the management of chronic diseases, carry out comprehensive prevention and treatment of chronic diseases, vigorously promote a reasonable lifestyle, and guide residents in the community first consultation to form a hierarchical diagnosis and treatment pattern.