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为在锻造过程中消除锻件内部的空洞型缺陷,采用有限元数值模拟技术,研究了各种情况下圆柱体锻件的内部空洞的热锻闭合变形条件,分析了各种因素对空洞闭合的影响。研究结果表明,影响大锻件内部空洞闭合的主要因素是锻件的高径比、空洞形状和空洞位置。当锻件高度与直径接近相等时,心部空洞最容易闭合;当高度大于直径时,随着高度增加,心部空洞闭合难度增大;而当高度小于直径时,增大直径也导致空洞闭合难度稍有增加。空洞为椭球形时,纵横半径之比愈大则闭合愈难。空洞位于锻件心部时闭合最容易,其位置愈接近端面愈难于闭合。
In order to eliminate the cavity defects in the forgings during the forging process, the hot deformation conditions of the inner cavities in the cylinder forgings were studied by finite element numerical simulation. The influence of various factors on the cavity closure was analyzed. The results show that the main factors influencing the internal cavity closure in large forgings are the aspect ratio, cavity shape and cavity location of the forgings. When the forging height and diameter are close to the same, the heart cavity is the most easy to close; when the height is greater than the diameter, as the height increases, the heart cavity closed more difficult; and when the height is smaller than the diameter, the diameter also leads to the hole closure difficulty Slight increase. When the cavity is an ellipsoid, the greater the ratio of the horizontal and the vertical radii, the harder it is to close. The cavity is the easiest to close when it is in the forgable heart, and the harder it is to close as it gets closer to the end face.