当前上海郊区蔬菜生产上存在的稳产高产、淡旺季均衡供应、粗细品种搭配、改善品质等问题较为突出。这在一定程度上与菜地的土壤肥力状况、养分配比失调和施肥不当等因素有关。近年来,郊区用于蔬菜的肥料结构有较大变化,有机肥数量不足,质量有所下降。一般年亩施有机肥仅40～50担,主要用于春季茄果类。其他蔬菜主要靠化肥,不少生产队年用量已达300—400斤/亩(实物量).传统上用于蔬菜的大粪,质量下降,须掺化肥浇施.由于菜区较长时间施用以氮为主、配施磷肥的化肥,因此菜地含钾量有所下降,形成亏缺,使土壤养分配比失调。在施肥方法上,除猪厩肥、垃圾等粗肥注意基施外,大部分肥料均采用表施方法,挥发损失大,肥效低。如用量过多,还易造成肥 At present, there are some problems in Shanghai suburban vegetable production, such as steady and high-yielding vegetables, balanced supply during the peak seasons, collocation of grained varieties and improvement of quality. To a certain extent, this is related to soil fertility conditions in vegetable fields, imbalanced nutrient allocation and improper fertilization. In recent years, the suburban fertilizer structure for vegetables have a greater change, lack of organic manure, the quality declined. Mushi general organic fertilizer only 40 to 50, mainly for the spring solanum. Other vegetables mainly rely on fertilizers, many of the production team has reached 300-400 kg / mu (in volume). Traditionally used for vegetable manure, the quality decline, to be mixed with fertilizers Shi Shi. Nitrogen-based fertilizer with phosphate fertilizer, so the vegetable potassium content decreased, the formation of a deficit, so that soil nutrient imbalance. In the fertilization method, in addition to pig manure, garbage and other fat-based attention to facilities, most of the fertilizer are used table method, volatile loss, low fertilizer efficiency. Such as the amount of too much, but also easy to cause fat